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Soundness test determines the disintegration of aggregates due to weathering. This includes freezing, thawing, marine condition etc. However, the weak and porous aggregate shows a change in weight during this soundness test.
Specific gravity and water absorption test are significant tests on aggregates. Perhaps aggregates are the fundamental and essential components of concrete and play a significant role in the design mix of concrete. More than 70 to 80 per cent of the volume of concrete is aggregate. Hence the water absorption and specific gravity test are essential and significant tests .
Raft foundation is a continuous slab that completely covers the entire site of the proposed structure and rests on the soil. Depending on the applications and design loads, there are various raft foundation types. The choice of raft foundation type is influenced by a number of variables, including bearing capacity, loads, site circumstances, etc.
Column jacketing enhances the load capacity, durability, and seismic resistance of structural columns by adding materials like concrete, steel, and fiber-reinforced polymers around existing columns. This method is essential for retrofitting aging structures, meeting safety standards, and improving resilience against various loads, particularly in earthquake-prone areas.
